The Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, is among the most famous landmarks in the world.

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 The Eiffel Tower has long been an icon of Paris and one of the first things that come to mind when people think of the city (even France). I can’t imagine making a trip to Paris and not seeing the Eiffel Tower!You might think that the Eiffel Tower’s popularity makes it a “touristy” attraction, but it really is not. To me the word touristy implies something that lacks authenticity, is tacky and surrounded by people selling cheap junk. The Eiffel Tower is not like that at all.

First of all, it was built by a prominent French architect and engineer in celebration of an important time in France’s history- that’s keeping things pretty authentic. It is not surrounded by hordes of vendors trying to sell you souvenirs and the increased police presence since I was last there in 1998, meant that we didn’t see any obvious scam artists either.

Sure, it may be tempting to turn your nose up and think, “Look at all those silly tourists. Standing in line forever, taking the same picture that’s been taken thousands of times.” The bottom line is, certain sites are popular for a reason. There are some places, as cliché as it sounds, that are “must sees” when visiting a city. The Eiffel Tower is one of them.

Eiffel Tower

wrought-iron structure in Paris that is among the most famous landmarks in the world. It is also a technological masterpiece in building-construction history. It was designed and built (1887–89) by Gustave Eiffel and named in his honor.

Background and construction

When the French government was organizing the International Exposition of 1889 to celebrate the centenary of the French Revolution, a competition was held for designs for a suitable monument. More than 100 plans were submitted, and the Centennial Committee accepted that of the noted bridge engineer Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel’s concept of a 300-meter (984-foot) tower built almost entirely of open-lattice wrought iron aroused amazement, skepticism, and no little opposition on aesthetic grounds. When completed, the tower served as the entrance gateway to the exposition.

Nothing remotely like the Eiffel Tower had ever been built; it was twice as high as the dome of St. Peter’s in Rome or the Great Pyramid of Giza. In contrast to such older monuments, the tower was erected in only about two years (1887–89), with a small labor force, at slight cost. Making use of his advanced knowledge of the behavior of metal arch and metal truss forms under loading, Eiffel designed a light, airy, but strong structure that presaged a revolution in civil engineering and architectural design. And, after it opened to the public on May 15, 1889, it ultimately vindicated itself aesthetically.

Gustave Eiffel

Gustave Eiffel (born Dec. 15, 1832, Dijon, France—died Dec. 28, 1923, Paris) was a French civil engineer renowned for the tower in Paris that bears his name.

After graduation from the College of Art and Manufacturing in 1855, Eiffel began to specialize in metal construction, especially bridges. He directed the erection of an iron bridge at Bordeaux in 1858, followed by several others, and designed the lofty, arched Gallery of Machines for the Paris Exhibition of 1867. In 1877 he bridged the Douro River at Oporto, Port., with a 525-foot (160-metre) steel arch, which he followed with an even greater arch of the same type, the 540-foot (162-metre) span Garabit viaduct over the Truyère River in southern France, for many years the highest bridge in the world, 400 feet (120 m) over the stream. He was one of the first engineers to employ compressed-air caissons in bridge building. He designed the movable dome of the observatory at Nice and the framework of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor.

Eiffel startled the world with the construction of the Eiffel Tower (1887–89), which brought him the nickname “magician of iron.” It also directed his interest to problems of aerodynamics, and he used the tower for a number of experiments. At Auteuil, outside Paris, he built the first aerodynamic laboratory, where he continued to work throughout World War I; in 1921 he gave the laboratory to the state.





Two years, two months and five days

Its construction in 2 years, 2 months and 5 days was a veritable technical and architectural achievement. "Utopia achieved", a symbol of technological prowess, at the end of the 19th Century it was a demonstration of French engineering personified by Gustave Eiffel, and a defining moment of the industrial era. It was met immediately with tremendous success.

Only intended to last 20 years, it was saved by the scientific experiments that Eiffel encouraged, and in particular by the first radio transmissions, followed by telecommunications. For example, the radio signals from the Pantheon Tower in 1898; it served as a military radio post in 1903; it transmitted the first public radio programme in 1925, and then broadcast television up to TNT more recently.



The most visited monument in the world

As France’s symbol in the world, and the showcase of Paris, today it welcomes almost 7 million visitors a year (around 75% of whom are foreigners), making it the most visited monument that you have to pay for in the world.

A universal Tower of Babel, almost 300 million visitors regardless of age or origin have come from all over the planet to see it since its opening in 1889.

Key Figures

  • It is 324 metres tall, including its antennas. The top observation deck is 276 m above ground.
  • There are 120 antennas on the tower.
  • 7,300 tonnes of metallic framework make up the tower, with a total weight of 10,100 tonnes.
  • There are 1,665 steps to the top, on the East staircase.
  • Every seven years the tower is repainted, requiring 60 tonnes of paint.
  • 336 projectors are used to illuminate the tower at night.
  • 20,000 bulbs glitter for five minutes at the top of the hour, from nightfall until 1:00 am.
  • Almost 7 million people visit the Eiffel Tower every year, making it the most visited monument that        you have to pay for in the world.
  • 75% of all visitors to the tower are foreign to France.


    • Fun Facts About the Eiffel Tower

    • The tower was built by French architect and engineer Gustave Eiffel (who also designed the Statue of Liberty) in 1889. It was constructed for the Exposition Universelle, celebrating 100 years since the French Revolution.
    • Eiffel was granted 1.5 million francs to pay for construction costs that were estimated to be 6.5 million francs. Eiffel was also promised all income from the tower during the exposition and for 20 years afterwards.
    • The lifts were not yet completed when the tower opened nine days after the exposition began. By the end of the exposition, there had been almost two million visitors.
    • The tower was only supposed to stand for 20 years. When the agreement with Eiffel ended, ownership of the tower would revert to the City of Paris and the plan was to have it dismantled. It was kept because of its valuable communication purposes (radio transmission, then telecommunications).
    • The Eiffel Tower was the tallest man made structure in the world for over 40 years. It lost this title in 1930 when the Chrysler Building in New York City was completed.
    • There are 72 names of French scientists, mathematicians and engineers engraved on the tower recognizing their contributions.
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